Bulletin 668
Subject: Corporate
Censorship : “There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not
dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its
luminous summits.”
20 October 2015
Grenoble, France
Dear
Colleagues and Friends of CEIMSA,
As
we continue our voyage through the first quarter of this century –a mere dent
in the new millennium-- I would argue that the necessary skills which we must
acquire are related to the old pre-industrial skills of “sifting-and-winnowing”,
for we are obliged to go through vast mountains of debris from the past and to
separate the chaff from the grain if we are to understand the present and
anticipate future possibilities. What is there of value to retain and what can
we safely discard as useless? This intellectual discretion can be learned by
various modes of education --in public schools, religious schools, charter
schools, alternative experimental schools, or in no school at all . . . . But
it must be learned! for above the entrance to our new age is written, “Buyer
Beware!”
Midway upon the journey of our life,
I found myself within a forest dark,
For the straight forward pathway had
been lost.
--from Dante’s Inferno
We
can no longer get along simply by mimicking a chosen role model, by following
the “successful” example; we now must equip ourselves with the ability to
perform some kind of socio-economic analysis of society, to determine if we are
entering a toxic area and if it represents a significant danger to us.
Scientific knowledge is essential and common sense is no longer sufficient; we
must learn to share our knowledge and to keep our minds open for new
interpretations of information and effective ways to verify or to prove false.
The ability to learn and to grow intellectually is of course a collective
experience; what stifles curiosity and discourages systematic examination
should be rejected. We must learn to draw conclusions and make decisions that
foster new levels of understanding and cooperation. We can only do this by
developing the skills of “sifting and winnowing” and thereby preparing
ourselves to participate in collective discussions.
After
a close re-reading of the late Eric Hobsbawm’s book, Age of Extremes (1994), I
turned to my worn-out copy of Sir James Frazer’s classic, The Golden Bough (1890). It
was an interesting coincidence to find that Hobsbawm’s discussion of social
regressions at the end of the “short 20th Century” was much
illustrated in Theodor Gaster’s abridged edition of the British
anthropologist’s original field work on ‘ancient, and primitive myth, magic,
religion, ritual, and taboo’; towards the end of which he warns against the
persistent influence of pre-scientific thinking :
WE are at the
end of our enquiry, but as often happens in the search after truth, if we have
answered one question, we have raised many more; if we have followed one track
home, we have had to pass by others that opened off it and led, or seemed to
lead, to far other goals than the sacred grove at Nemi. Some of these paths we
have followed a little way; others, if fortune should be kind, the writer and
the reader may one day pursue together. For the present we have journeyed far
enough together, and it is time to part. Yet before we do so, we may well ask
ourselves whether there is not some more general conclusion, some lesson, if
possible, of hope and encouragement, to be drawn from the melancholy record of
human error and folly which has engaged our attention in this book.
If then
we consider, on the one hand, the essential similarity of man’s chief wants
everywhere and at all times, and on the other hand, the wide difference between
the means he has adopted to satisfy them in different ages, we shall perhaps be
disposed to conclude that the movement of the higher thought, so far as we can
trace it, has on the whole been from magic through religion to science. In magic
man depends on his own strength to meet the difficulties and dangers that beset
him on every side. He believes in a certain established order of nature on
which he can surely count, and which he can manipulate for his own ends. When
he discovers his mistake, when he recognizes sadly that both the order of
nature which he had assumed and the control which he had believed himself to
exercise over it were purely imaginary, he ceases to rely on his own
intelligence and his own unaided efforts, and throws himself humbly on the
mercy of certain great invisible beings behind the veil of nature, to whom he
now ascribes all those far-reaching powers which he once arrogated to himself.
Thus in the acuter minds magic is gradually superseded by religion, which explains
the succession of natural phenomena as regulated by the will, the passion, or
the caprice of spiritual beings like man in kind, though vastly superior to him
in power.
But as
time goes on this explanation in its turn proves to be unsatisfactory. For it
assumes that the succession of natural events is not determined by immutable
laws, but is to some extent variable and irregular, and this assumption is not
borne out by closer observation. On the contrary, the more we scrutinize that
succession the more we are struck by the rigid uniformity, the punctual
precision with which, wherever we can follow them, the operations of nature are
carried on. Every great advance in knowledge has extended the sphere of order
and correspondingly restricted the sphere of apparent disorder in the world,
till now we are ready to anticipate that even in regions where chance and
confusion appear still to reign, a fuller knowledge would everywhere reduce the
seeming chaos to cosmos. Thus the keener minds, still pressing forward to a
deeper solution of the mysteries of the universe, come to reject the religious
theory of nature as inadequate, and to revert in a measure to the older
standpoint of magic by postulating explicitly, what in magic had only been
implicitly assumed, to wit, an inflexible regularity in the order of natural
events, which, if carefully observed, enables us to foresee their course with
certainty and to act accordingly. In short, religion, regarded as an
explanation of nature, is displaced by science.
But while
science has this much in common with magic that both rest on a faith in order
as the underlying principle of all things, readers of this work will hardly
need to be reminded that the order presupposed by magic differs widely from
that which forms the basis of science. The difference flows naturally from the
different modes in which the two orders have been reached. For whereas the
order on which magic reckons is merely an extension, by false analogy, of the
order in which ideas present themselves to our minds, the order laid down by
science is derived from patient and exact observation of the phenomena
themselves. The abundance, the solidity, and the splendor of the results
already achieved by science are well fitted to inspire us with a cheerful
confidence in the soundness of its method. Here at last, after groping about in
the dark for countless ages, man has hit upon a clue to the labyrinth, a golden
key that opens many locks in the treasury of nature. It is probably not too
much to say that the hope of progress—moral and intellectual as well as
material—in the future is bound up with the fortunes of science, and that every
obstacle placed in the way of scientific discovery is a wrong to humanity.
Yet the
history of thought should warn us against concluding that because the
scientific theory of the world is the best that has yet been formulated, it is
necessarily complete and final. We must remember that at bottom the
generalizations of science or, in common parlance, the laws of nature are
merely hypotheses devised to explain that ever-shifting phantasmagoria of
thought which we dignify with the high-sounding names of the world and the
universe. In the last analysis magic, religion, and science are nothing but
theories of thought; and as science has supplanted its predecessors, so it may
hereafter be itself superseded by some more perfect hypothesis, perhaps by some
totally different way of looking at the phenomena—of registering the shadows on
the screen—of which we in this generation can form no idea. The advance of
knowledge is an infinite progression towards a goal that for ever recedes. We
need not murmur at the endless pursuit:
Fatti
non foste a viver come bruti
Ma
per seguir virtute e conoscenza.
(You
were not made to live as brutes,
But
to follow virtue and knowledge.)
Great things
will come of that pursuit, though we may not enjoy them. Brighter stars will
rise on some voyager of the future—some great Ulysses of the realms of
thought—than shine on us. The dreams of magic may one day be the waking
realities of science. But a dark shadow lies athwart the far end of this fair
prospect. For however vast the increase of knowledge and of power which the
future may have in store for man, he can scarcely hope to stay the sweep of
those great forces which seem to be making silently but relentlessly for the
destruction of all this starry universe in which our earth swims as a speck or
mote. In the ages to come man may be able to predict, perhaps even to control,
the wayward courses of the winds and clouds, but hardly will his puny hands
have strength to speed afresh our slackening planet in its orbit or rekindle
the dying fire of the sun. Yet the philosopher who trembles at the idea of such
distant catastrophes may console himself by reflecting that these gloomy
apprehensions, like the earth and the sun themselves, are only parts of that
unsubstantial world which thought has conjured up out of the void, and that the
phantoms which the subtle enchantress has evoked to-day she may ban to-morrow.
They too, like so much that to common eyes seems solid, may melt into air, into
thin air.
Without
dipping so far into the future, we may illustrate the course which thought has
hitherto run by likening it to a web woven of three different threads—the black
thread of magic, the red thread of religion, and the white thread of science,
if under science we may include those simple truths, drawn from observation of
nature, of which men in all ages have possessed a store. Could we then survey
the web of thought from the beginning, we should probably perceive it to be at
first a chequer of black and white, a patchwork of true and false notions,
hardly tinged as yet by the red thread of religion. But carry your eye farther
along the fabric and you will remark that, while the black and white chequer
still runs through it, there rests on the middle portion of the web, where
religion has entered most deeply into its texture, a dark crimson stain, which
shades off insensibly into a lighter tint as the white thread of science is woven
more and more into the tissue. To a web thus chequered and stained, thus shot
with threads of diverse hues, but gradually changing color the farther it is
unrolled, the state of modern thought, with all its divergent aims and
conflicting tendencies, may be compared. Will the great movement which for
centuries has been slowly altering the complexion of thought be continued in
the near future? or will a reaction set in which may arrest progress and even
undo much that has been done? To keep up our parable, what will be the colour
of the web which the Fates are now weaving on the humming loom of time? will it
be white or red? We cannot tell. A faint glimmering light illumines the
backward portion of the web. Clouds and thick darkness hide the other end. (pp.738-741)
Eric
Hobsbawm at the turn of the century observes that, “science, through the
technology-saturated fabric of human life, demonstrates its miracles daily to
the late twentieth-century world. It is as indispensable and omnipresent . . .
as Allah is to the pious Moslem.”
We
may debate when this capacity of certain human activities to produce superhuman
results became part of the common consciousness, at least in the urban parts of
‘developed’ industrial societies. It certainly did so after the explosion of
the first nuclear bomb in 1945. However, there can be no doubt that the
twentieth century was the one in which science transformed both the world and
our knowledge of it. We should have expected the ideologies of the
twentieth century to glory in the triumphs of science, which are the triumphs
of the human mind, as the secular ideologies of the nineteenth century had
done. Indeed, we should have expected even the resistance of traditional
religious ideologies, the great redoubts of nineteenth-century resistance to
science, to weaken. For not only did the hold of traditional religions slacken
over most of the century, as we shall see, but religion itself became as
dependent on high-science-based techno logy as any other human activity in the
developed world. At a pinch, a bishop or imam or holy man in the 1900s could
have conducted their activities as though Galileo, Newton, Faraday or Lavoisier
had not existed, i.e. on the basis of fifteenth-century technology, and such
nineteenth-century technology has raised no problems of compatibility with
theology or holy texts. It became far harder to overlook the conflict between
science and holy writ in a age when the Vatican was obliged to communicate by
satellite and to test the authenticity of the Turin shroud by radio-carbon
dating: when the Ayatollah Khomeini spread his words from abroad into Iran by
means of tape cassettes, and when states dedicated to the laws of the Koran
were also engaged in trying to equip themselves wiht nuclear weapons
The de facto
acceptance of the most sophisticated contemporary science, via the technology
which depends on it, was such that in fin-de-siècle New York sales of
super-high-tech electronic and photographic goods became largely the specialty
of Chassidim, a brand of eastern messianic Judaism chiefly known, apart from
their extreme ritualism and insistence on wearing a version of
eighteenth-century Polish costume, by a preference for ecstatic emotion over
intellectual enquiry. In some ways the superiority of ‘science’ was even
accepted officially. The Protestant fundamentalists in the USA who rejected the
theory of evolution as unscriptural (the world having been created in its
present version in six days) demanded that Darwin’s teaching should be
replaced,
or at least countered
by the teaching of what they described as ‘creation science’.
And
yet, the twentieth century was not at ease with the science which was its most
extraordinary achievement, and on which it depended. The progress of the
natural sciences took place against a background glow of suspicion and fear,
occasionally flaring up into flames of hatred and rejection of reason and all
its products. . . .
The
suspicion and fear of science was fuelled by four feelings: that science was
incomprehensible; that (both) its practical (and moral) consequences were
unpredictable and probably catastrophic; and that it underlined the
helplessness of the individual, and undermined authority. Nor should we
overlook the sentiment that, to the extent that science interfered with the
natural order of things, it was inherently dangerous. The first two feelings
were shared by both scientists and laymen, the last two belonged mainly to
outsiders. Lay individuals could only react against their sense of impotence by
seeking
out things which
‘science could not explain’ along the line of Hamlet’s ‘There are more things
on heaven and earth . . . than are dreamed of in your philosophy’, by refusing
to believe that they could ever be explained by ‘official science’, by
hungering to believe in the inexplicable because it seemed absurd. At
least in an unknown and unknowable world everyone would be equally powerless.
The greater the palpable triumphs of science, the greater the hunger to seek
the inexplicable. (pp.529-530)
Returning
to Hobsbawm’s political observations, at the conclusion of his final major
work, we are told that we cannot count on the rich to redistribute public
wealth; this leaves us with little alternative as to how to create a just and
egalitarian society. The relationships between social classes can be ignored
only a great risk, and what is the role of state agencies in this relationship
between private ownership and public interest?
Seen from
the impersonal heights from which business economists and corporate accountants
survey the scene, who needed the 10 percent
of the US population
whose real hourly earnings since 1979 had fallen by up to 16 percent?
Again,
taking the global perspective which is implicit in the model of economic
liberalism, inequalities of development are irrelevant unless
it can be shown that
they produce globally more negative than positive results. From this point of
view there is no economic reason why,
if comparative costs
say so, France should not shut down its entire agriculture and import all its
foodstuffs . . . .(p.573)
Social
distribution and not growth would dominate the politics of the new millennium.
Non-market allocation of resources, or, at least,
a ruthless limitation
of market allocation, was essential to head off the impending ecological
crisis. One way or another, the fate of humanity
in the new millennium
would depend on the restoration of public authorities.
This
leaves us with a double problem. What would be the nature and the scope of the
decision-making authorities –supranational, national,
subnational and global,
alone or in combination? What would be their relation to the people about whom
these decisions are made?(pp.577-578)
For
those of us who have found useful the method of dialectical materialism, there
is still much we can learn from logical positivism and the 19th-century
optimism of faith in science and progress.
It
certainly stands as an alternative to becoming the passive observers of our own
destruction.
Sincerely,
Francis
Feeley
Professor
of American Studies
University
of Grenoble-3
Director
of Research
University
of Paris-Nanterre
Center
for the Advanced Study of American Institutions and Social Movements
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idfj-JRJghw
a.
No Context:
In a month of ‘New York Times’
coverage, Israeli military occupation goes nearly unmentioned
http://mondoweiss.net/2015/10/coverage-occupied-sparingly
=======
b.
The US Strategy to Create a New
Global Legal and Economic System: TPP It’s a corporate coup! Must Watch Video |
|
=======
c.
Bernie Blew It: He Sold Out Instead of Confronting Clinton
http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/bernie_blew_it_he_sold_out_instead_of_confronting_clinton_20151016#.ViF7cnCFrHM.facebook
by Robert Scheer
=======
d.
We need a vision of transformational change
https://www.rt.com/op-edge/317593-vision-transformational-change-capitalism/
by ex-US Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney
=======
e.
From:
"Jim O'Brien" <jimobrien48@gmail.com>
To: haw-info@stopthewars.org
Sent: Monday, 19 October, 2015 3:57:53 PM
Subject: [haw-info] HAW Notes 10/19/15: contact info regarding Ros Baxandall;
links to recent articles of interest
Note:
We wrote last Thursday to share with Historians Against the War members and
friends the passing of feminist historian and antiwar activist Rosalyn
Baxandall at age 76. For anyone wishing to write to her son, the contact
information is as follows: mail, Phineas Baxandall, 595 Franklin St., Cambridge,
MA 02139; email, phineas@baxandall.net.
The
following list of articles is dedicated to her memory. For years up until her
diagnosis this summer with incurable cancer, she was a mainstay of suggesting
articles for these lists.
Links to Recent Articles of Interest
"They Died for Henry Kissinger's 'Credibility': The Real
History of Our Vietnam Immorality"
By
David Milne, Salon, posted October 18
"Whistling Past the Afghan Graveyard of Empires"
By
William J. Astore, The Contrary Perspective blog, posted October 17
The
author is a retired Air Force lieutenant colonel and formerly taught at the
U.S. Air Force Academy.
"Echoes of Afghanistan in Syria"
By
Paul Pillar, LobeLog, posted October 16 (from The National Interest)
The
author, a 28-year veteran of the CIA, is a visiting professor at Georgetown
University in security studies; the article draws on the Soviet experience in
Afghanistan.
"On Building
Armies (and Watching Them Fall)"
By
Andrew J. Bacevich, TomDispatch.com, posted October 13
The
author is a professor emeritus of history and international relations at Boston
University.
"The Rise of America's Secret Government: The Deadly Legacy of
Ex-CIA Director Allen Dulles"
Interview
with David Talbot, Democracy Now!, posted October 13
David
Talbot is a former editor in chief of Salon and the
author of a new book on Allen Dulles.
"A Short History of US Bombing of Civilian Facilities"
By
Jon Schwartz, The Intercept, posted October 7
"Israel Says
Iran's Lying about Its Nuclear Program? That's Rich"
By
Walter L. Hixson, History News Network, posted October 7
The
author teaches history at the University of Akron.
"No, Carly Fiorina, a Degree in Medieval History Doesn't
Qualify You to Fight Isis"
By
David M. Perry, The Guardian, posted October 6
The
author teaches medieval history at Dominican University.
"'Look for Hospitals as Targets'"
By Greg
Grandin, The Nation, posted October 5
On
the targeting of hospitals during the Vietnam War; the author teaches history
at New York University.
"The Colonial Roots of Hating on Muslims & of Muslim
Nationalism"
By
Sami Zubaida, Informed Comment blog, posted October 1
Thanks
to Rusti Eisenberg, Cyrus Bina, and an anonymous reader for flagging articles
that are included in the above list. Suggestions can be sent to jimobrien48@gmail.com.
=======
f.
Francis,
The
Drone Papers are a gold mine of horror, and of course tell us once again that
in an international system of justice Obama and his team would be prosecuted
for war crimes.
ed
herman
New Posts for October 19, 2015
FEATURED
This
week The Drone Papers, Parts 1 - 4 are featured. These articles by Jeremy
Scahill and others who write for The Intercept are based on information from an
anonymous whistleblower.
Parts
5 -8 will be posted during the coming week.
JUST
THE LINKS RECENT POSTS Also
recommended: Go to RiseUpTimes.org or
to the RiseUpTimes Facebook page.
Posts
are also listed below with more information.
Your
help is needed: Media for the people! Click here to
help Rise Up Times continue to bring you essential news you won’t find in the
mainstream corporate media.
Important articles and information at the top of the RiseUpTimes.org
front page.
Click
each link for news. Updated regularly.
Save the Internet
Media
Ukraine Middle East
Note:
Rise Up Times now has a board on Pinterest (under the major Rise Up Times Pinterest
board) called U.S.
Politics where articles and videos about/by candidates and
elections are posted. These posts also appear on my personal Facebook page (Sue Ann Martinson).
Other boards include Environment/Climate Change, Action Now,
and Surveillance.
Media
for Justice and Peace
CHRIS HEDGES: DEATH BY FRACKING
Hedges:
Resistance will be local. It will be militant. It will defy the rules imposed
by the corporate state. It will turn its back on state and NGO environmental
organizations. And it will not stop until corporate power is destroyed or we
are destroyed.
#ENOUGH! WE CAN RESPOND TO THE TEARS OF KUNDUZ REFUGEE,
ABDUL FATAH
Hakim:
We learnt to do something small and different from 14 years of the ‘same, old’
method of war, and exploitation. Afghan Peace Volunteers
RASMEA ODEH APPEAL: LAWYER MICHAEL DEUTSCH, ALLOW RASMEA TO TELL
HER STORY
Appealing
the November 2014 federal conviction of prominent Palestinian-American activist
Rasmea Odeh, lead defense attorney Michael Deutsch gave a powerful oral
argument in front of a panel of three judges—Alice Batchelder, Karen Moore, and
John Rogers—in Cincinnati, at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit.
POLL: 60% OF AMERICANS DON’T TRUST THE MAINSTREAM MEDIA
Mint
Press: Since 2012, trust has dipped sharply among adults under 50. Another
study from this year, published by the Pew Research Center in June, supports
the notion that younger people, especially those aged 18-33 (the “Millennial”
generation), are increasingly turning to social media and alternate sources for
the news.
MAINSTREAM MEDIA FINALLY ADMITS SYRIAN CONFLICT IS US-RUSSIA
PROXY WAR
Bernabe:
It’s a sad state of affairs when the Western media provides humanitarian cover
for the U.S. and NATO to fuel a brutal civil war — which has taken the lives of
nearly 300,000 people — simply to create economic advantages for NATO states
and allies while undermining stability in the Middle East — creating the
greatest humanitarian catastrophe since World War II.
VIDEO: CHRIS HEDGES, MAX BLUMENTHAL | DAYS OF REVOLT: THE 51
DAY WAR
Blumenthal:
So the Dahiya doctrine aims to, by attacking civilians, aims to demoralize the
civilian population until they assent to the West Bank model. And the people in
the Gaza Strip are incredibly resilient. They almost unanimously support
resisting the occupation.
PROMINENT VETERANS GROUP JUST CALLED ON US PUBLIC TO SAY NO
TO WAR
Letter:
There is not a perfect solution to the tragedy of Afghanistan. War has been the
norm for the people of Afghanistan for nearly 37 years. The answer to ending
the violence there is political, not military. The U.S. must withdraw and give
the nation of Afghanistan back to the people of Afghanistan.
NEW LEAKS REVEAL DARK DETAILS OF U.S. DRONE PROGRAM
Secret
military documents expose the inner workings of Obama’s Drone Wars truthdig.com October 15,
2015 jules 2000 / Shutterstock Targeted killings carried out by unmanned
drones, though still very controversial, have become a fixture of U.S. foreign
policy. On Thursday, The Intercept published a report, “The Drone Papers,”
which gives the public a close look […]
THE DRONE PAPERS | PART 1: THE ASSASSINATION COMPLEX
Scahill:
The source said he decided to provide these documents to The
Intercept because he believes the public has a right to understand the
process by which people are placed on kill lists and ultimately assassinated on
orders from the highest echelons of the U.S. government.
THE DRONE PAPERS | PART 2: A VISUAL GLOSSARY
Begley:
The first bomb dropped from an airplane exploded in an oasis outside Tripoli on
November 1, 1911. grenade. … One hundred years later, the bombing is done by
pilotless planes. They are controlled remotely, often half a world away. We
have come to call them “drones.” On the inside, people call them “birds.”
THE DRONE PAPERS | PART 3: THE KILL CHAIN
Currier:
The study, carried out by the Pentagon’s Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance Task Force, illuminates and in some cases contradicts the
administration’s public description of a campaign directed at high-level
terrorists who pose an imminent threat to the United States. It admits frankly
that capturing terrorists is a rare occurrence and hints at the use of
so-called signature strikes against unknown individuals exhibiting suspicious
behavior.
THE DRONE PAPERS | PART 4: FIND, FIX, FINISH
Lt.
General Michael Flynn: “Our entire Middle East policy seems to be based on
firing drones. That’s what this administration decided to do in its counterterrorism
campaign. They’re enamored by the ability of special operations and the CIA to
find a guy in the middle of the desert in some shitty little village and drop a
bomb on his head and kill him.”
Your
help is needed: Media for the people! Click here to
help Rise Up Times continue to bring you essential news you won’t find in the
mainstream corporate media. Subscribe or “Follow” us on RiseUpTimes.org. Rise
Up Times is also on Facebook! Check the Rise Up Times page for
posts from this blog and more! “Like” our
page today. Rise Up Times is on Pinterest, Google+ and Tumblr. Find
us on Twitter at Rise Up
Times(@touchpeace).
ACTIVISM:
PEACE & JUSTICE ACTIONS AND PROTESTS
Links
to more information and to take action.
Help
spread the word about RiseUpTimes.org
Rise Up Times has
no paid advertising but replies on word-of-mouth and free online
services. Help get the word out. Here are some ideas about how to
help:
Thank
you for your support of Rise Up Times!
Sue Ann Martinson, Editor
Your
help is needed: Media for the people! Click here to
help Rise Up Times continue to bring you essential news you won’t find in the
mainstream corporate media. Subscribe or “Follow” us on RiseUpTimes.org. Rise
Up Times is also on Facebook! Check the Rise Up Times page for
posts from this blog and more! “Like” our
page today. Rise Up Times is on Pinterest, Google+ and
Tumblr. Find
us on Twitter at Rise Up
Times (@touchpeace).
Note:
The WordPress theme Rise Up Times uses for RiseUpTimes.org
has LINKS in cranberry RED, not blue. Run your cursor over the red underlined
type and click to use the links. All articles have links to their original
sources. (Some links in this email are the traditional blue.)
The
contents of RiseUpTimes.org and social media posts of the same name do not
necessarily reflect the opinions of the editor.
+++++
"Resistance
is no longer an option, it is a necessity." Henry
A. Giroux
"There
is no such thing as a single-issue struggle because we do not
live single-issue lives." Audre Lord